|
【导 入】
通过问题导入新课内容：
Q1:What are the main types
of insurance coverage?
Q2:What risks are covered
in FPA coverage?
Q3: Is special additional
risks covered in all risks coverage?
Students are divided into
five groups to discuss the above three questions and then one student from
each group is supposed to give the right answers.
【新 授】
Step one：word study
1. General average共同海损
2. Particular average单独海损
3. Salvage charges救助费用
4. Free of particular average平安险,缩写为FPA
5. With average水渍险，缩写为WA
6. All risks一切险
7. Insurance coverage保险险别；承包范围
8. External causes外部原因
9. Institute cargo clause协会货物保险条款
10.Port of distress避难港
领读单词并讲解相关专业知识。
Step two:text learning
1.Free of particular
average
平安险的承保范围：
(1)The risks covered in FPA coverage
basically means that only total or constructive total loss of the whole
consignment of cargo but no partial loss or damage is recoverable from the
insurer resulting from natural calamities, such as heavy weather, lighting,
tsunami, earthquake and flood.
中文意思：平安险承包的风险范围指由自然灾害，比如恶劣的气候;雷电;海啸，地震和洪水造成的整批货物的全部损失或者推定全损(但不包括部分损失)，这种情况下可以从保险商那里获得赔偿。
注释：basically:基本上，主要地 total:全部的，整个的
constructive total loss:推定全损consignment：所托运的货物，交付，委托partial loss:部分损失recoverable:可重获的result from:由...产生 natural calamities:自然灾害heavy weather:恶劣气候(heavy:原意为“重的，沉重的”，在这里我们引申为“恶劣的”) lighting:闪电
tsunami:海啸
earthquake:地震 flood:洪水;水灾
(2)Total loss or partial loss is
recoverable from the insurer incurred as a result of specific casualties,
e.g., collision, stranding, sinking of the vessel.
中文意思：由特殊灾难，比如船只的互撞、搁浅、沉没等引起的全部损失或部分损失
注释：incur:招致，招到 as a result of:作为…的结果
specific:特殊的，特定的 casualty:严重的意外，事故，灾难
collision:碰撞，冲突 stranding:搁浅 sinking:沉没
(3)FPA also covers general average and
salvage charges, reasonable costs incurred by the assured in salvaging the
goods or averting or minimizing a loss recoverable under the policy.
中文意思：平安险还负责共同海损和被保险人对遭受承保责任内的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用
注释：general average:共同海损salvage charge: (海上)救助费用
reasonable:合理的(reasonable
costs:合理费用)
averting:避免，防止 minimizing:是minimize的名词形式，意为“减到最小;减少”。
(4)Losses attributable to discharge of the
insured goods at a port of distress following a sea peril as well as special
charges arising from loading, warehousing and forwarding of the goods at an
intermediate port of call or refuge are covered in FPA.
注释：attributable to可归因于 insured goods投保的货物
Port of distress避难港 sea peril海上风险
Special charges特殊费用 arising from从…中产生的
Refuge避难所
中文意思：发生海上风险后在避难港卸货造成的投保货物的损失及在中间停靠港或避难所装货、仓储和再次运送货物发生的特殊费用在平安险中可赔偿。
专业知识介绍：
推定全损是指保险标的发生保险事故后，认为实际全损已不可避免，或者为避免发生实际全损所需支付的费用超过保险价值的，为推定全损。
部分损失是被保险货物的损失没有达到全部损失的程度，部分损失包括共同海损和单独海损两种。
实际全损又称绝对全损，凡有下列情况下之一者即可构成实际全损：（1）被保险的货物已经完全灭失；（2）被保险货物遭受严重损害丧失原有用途，已不具有任何使用价值；（3）被保险货物丧失已无可挽回；（4）船舶失踪。
考点分析：平安险的承保范围是货代考试的重要考点，常出现单项选择题、多项选择题、判断题。
例题1.Which of the
following risks are covered in FPA coverage?
A. General average and
salvage charges
B. Total or constructive
total loss resulting from natural calamities
C. Partial loss resulting
from natural calamities.
D. Special charges arising
from loading, warehousing and forwarding of the goods at an intermediate port
of call or refuge are covered in FPA.
正确选项是ABD。
例题2.Which of the
following risks is not covered in FPA coverage?
A. General
average and salvage charges
B. Total or
constructive total loss resulting from natural calamities
C. Partial
loss resulting from natural calamities.
D. Special
charges arising from loading, warehousing and forwarding of the goods at an
intermediate port of call or refuge are covered in FPA.
正确选项是C。
例题3.Which of the
following coverage does not cover partial loss resulting from natural
calamities?
A. FPA B. WA
C. all risks D. institute
cargo clause A
正确选项是A。
2. With Average( WA/WPA)水渍险
WA/WPA provides larger
cover than FPA since partial loss and damage is recoverable from the insurer
resulting from natural calamities.
中文意思：水渍险的责任范围除平安险的各项责任外，还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水等自然灾害所造成的部分损失。
3. All Risks
一切险是最高险别，责任范围最广，一切险实际上是平安险、水渍险和一般附加险的总和。
(1)All Risks is the most
widely used in the transport of general cargo because it provides better
coverage than WA/WPA type.
中文意思：一切险在普通货物运输中最广泛使用的一个险别，因为它的承包范围更优于水渍险…
(2)Aside from the risks covered under
WA/WPA type, it also provides insurance against all risks of loss of or
damage to the cargo insured arising from external causes in the course of
transit.
中文意思：一切险除了平安险和水渍险的责任外，还包括(保险标的)在运输途中由于外来原因所造成的所有损失(包括全部损失和部分损失)。
(3)The All Risks does not cover risks of
war, strike and other special additional risks such as failure to delivery,
import duty, on deck, rejection, aflatoxin etc.中文意思：一切险不包括战争险，罢工险和其它附加的特殊险别，比如交货不到险，进口关税险，舱面险，拒收险，黄曲霉素险等等。
注释：strike:罢工additional:附加的，额外的failure to delivery:交货不到险(on) deck:甲板，舱面rejection:拒收aflatoxin:黄曲霉素
(4)The general additional risks such as
theft, pilferage & non-delivery risks, fresh water and/or rain damage
risks, shortage risks, intermixture and contamination risks, leakage risks,
clash and breakage risks, taint of odour risks, sweat and heating risks, hook
damage risks, breakage of packing risks and rust risks are covered in All
Risks coverage.
中文意思：一切险包含一般附加险，比如说偷窃提货不着险，淡水雨淋险，短量险，混杂、玷污险，渗漏险，碰损破碎险，串味险，受潮受热险，钩损险，包装破损险，锈损险。
注释：general
additional risk:一般附加险theft, pilferage &
non-delivery risks:偷窃提货不着险fresh water and/or rain
damage risks：淡水、雨淋险shortage risks：短量险intermixture and contamination risks：混杂、玷污险leakage risks：渗漏险clash and breakage
risks：碰损、破碎险taint of odour risks：串味险sweat and heating risks：受潮受热险hook
damage risks：挂钩险breakage of packing risks：包装破裂险rust risks：锈损险
一切险考点分析：本部分是历年考试的重要考点。要求学生能区分特殊附加险和一般附加险内容。
例题1. The All Risks
of PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clause does not cover risks of war and special
additional risks but cover the general additional risks.( )（2006年判断题） 【答案】正确。
例题2. The All Risks
of marine cargo transportation insurance covers risks of ( ). A．war and strike B．general average
C．inherent vice of goods D．stranding
of ship
【答案】BD
例题3. Which of the
following risks is not covered by the All Risks coverage of marine cargo
transportation insurance?( )
A．Delay B．Flood C．Lightning D．heavy weather
【答案】A
例题4. The All Risks
of marine cargo transportation insurance covers risks of ( ).
A．war and strike
B．general average
C．inherent vice of
goods D．stranding
of ship
【答案】BD
4.Exclusions除外条款
为了分清货物在海上运输过程中的各关系人，即保险人、被保险人、发货人、收货人、承运人等对损失的责任，使保险人的赔偿责任更为明确，《海洋运输货物保险条款》中还规定了保险人的除外责任，即保险人不负赔偿责任的范围，主要包括以下五项：
(1)被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的损失；
(2)属于发货人责任所引起的损失；
(3)在保险责任开始前，被保险货物已存在的品质不良和数量短差所造成的损失或费用；
(4)被保险货物的自然损耗、本质缺陷、特性以及市价跌落、运输延迟所造成的损失和费用；
(5)战争险和罢工险条款规定的责任范围和除外责任。
5.Institute cargo clause协会货物保险条款
专业知识介绍：《协会货物条款》最早制定于1912年，英国伦敦保险协会在对旧的货物保险条款进行修订的基础上，于1982年1月1日推出“协会货物保险ABC条款”，取代了旧的平安险、水渍险和一切险。同时还推出的还有协会战争险、协会罢工险和恶意损害险。并于1983年4月1日起正式实行。同时，新的保险单格式代替原来的S.G..标准保险单格式，也自同日起使用。
课文内容介绍：
(1)In January 1982,
Lloyd’s and the marine insurance companies issued new cargo clauses.
注释：Lloyd’s:英国伦敦保险人协会marine insurance company:海上保险公司
issue:颁布 cargo clause:货物(保险)条款
这句话是介绍新的协会货物保险条款的颁布时间和颁布的组织：1982年1月，英国伦敦保险人协会和海上保险公司颁布了新的货物保险条款。
(2)The main coverage
providing against risks to cargo are on the basis of Institute Cargo Clauses
A, B and C.
中文意思：新条款的主要险别是在旧的协会货物保险条款A, B和C基础上对货物的投保风险进行了修订。
(3)Institute Cargo Clause
C (简称ICC(C)
)的风险责任范围：
Institute Cargo Clause C
is the most restricted coverage and subject to the listed exclusions, covers
loss of or damage to the subject matter insured caused by
a) fire or explosions;
b) tranding, grounding,
sinking or capsizing;
c) overturning or derailment
of land conveyance; collision or contact of vessel;
d) craft or conveyance with
any external object other than water;
e) discharge of cargo at port
of distress;
f) general average
sacrifice;
g) jettison.
注释：restricted:受限制的，有限的，范围窄的 subject to:使服从，使遭受(在这里我们引申为“遵循、采用”)
listed:列明的 exclusions:不包含的项目(免责的项目) explosion:爆炸 grounding:坐浅 capsizing: (船、车的)倾覆overturning:翻船 derailment: (火车的)出轨
land conveyance :陆运(conveyance:运输，运输工具)
collision: (车、船的)碰撞、互撞
contact:接触，联系(在这里是指“(船的)碰触” craft:船舶、飞机
external object:外界物体 other than:除了，不同于
general average sacrifice:共同海损牺牲
jettison:抛货;(船或飞机遇难时)向外投弃(货物等)
中文意思：ICC(C)险是承保范围最小的一个险别，并且采用列明风险的方式，它负责保险标的物因以下原因的灭失或损坏：1)火灾或爆炸;2)船舶或驳船搁浅、坐浅触礁、沉没或倾覆;3)陆上运输工具倾覆或出轨;4)船舶、驳船或运输工具与水以外的任何外界物体碰撞;5)在避难港卸货;6)共同海损牺牲;7)抛货。
(4)ICC(B)的风险责任范围
Institute Cargo Clause B
is wider and apart from the risks covered under ICC(C), it also covers loss
of or damage to cargo caused by:
① earthquake, volcanic
eruption or lighting;
② water damage by entry of
sea/ river water;
③ total loss of package
dropped during loading and unloading.
注释：apart from:：除了...之外volcanic
eruption:火山爆发
drop:落下
中文意思：ICC(B)的风险责任范围，除了包括ICC(C)险项下的范围，还包括：
①地震、火山爆发、雷电所引起的货物的损坏和灭失
②海水或者河水进入船舶、驳船、运输工具所造成的损失
③货物在装卸时落海或摔落造成整件的全损。
(5)ICC(A)险的内容
Institute Cargo Clause A
is the widest of all three and is generally summed up as : All Risks”of loss of or damage
to the insured cargo with certain specified exceptions.
注释：sum up:概括，总结 certain:确定的，某一个
specified:指定，详细说明 exception:例外，除外
中文意思：ICC(A)险是三个险别中承保范围最广的一个，总的来说相当于“一切险(All Risks)承保某些特殊险别引起的货物的损失和损坏。
考点分析：ICC（A）可出单项选择题或判断题，ICC（B）承保的范围作为多选选择题。
例题1. Insurance Cargo
Clause(B) covers loss of or damage to cargo caused by ( ).A．earthquake B．grounding C．lightning D．fire or explosions
【答案】ABCD
Which of the following insurance coverage does not cover total loss of or
damage to cargo caused by earthquake or lighting．( )（2006年单选题）
A．WA B．FPA C．Institute Cargo
Clause (B) D．Institute Cargo Clause (C)
【答案】D
解析：ICC（C）相当于平安险，但是承保的范围比平安险要小。
【小 结】
1.To sum up the key
phrases
2.To sum up risks covered
in FPA\WA\All Risks.
【课堂练习】
边讲知识点边练习，讲练结合，将知识点与考点结合。
让学生在20分钟内做完课后练习题，并结合知识点讲解。
【作 业】
1.To recite the key
phrases
2.To review the main
content of the text
|
