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【导 入】
海运费是按照班轮运价表的规定计算,为垄断性价格。不同的班轮公司或不同的轮船公司有不同的运价表,但它都是按照各种商品的不同积载系数,不同的性质和不同的价值结合不同的航线加已确定的。班轮运费是由基本费率和附加费两个部分构成的。
【新 授】
Step one word study
1. What the traffic can bear运输所能承受
2. Stowage factor积载因数
3. Subsidize补贴
4. Computation计算
5. Break bulk cargo件杂货
Bulk cargo散货
6. Surcharge附加费
7. Adjustment factors调整因素
8. Currency adjustment
factors货币贬值附加费,可缩写为CAF
9. Bunker adjustment factors燃油附加费,可缩写BAF
Bunker:燃油,也可写作fuel
10.Port congestion surcharges港口附加费,可缩写为PCS
11.Inland haulage内陆运费
12.Terminal charges终点码头费;装卸费
13.Commodity box rates包厢费率
14.FAK均一费率
15.Lump sum rate整笔运费费率
Step two text learning
1.When determining the
freight rate, the carrier will also consider stowage factor, distance and the
age-old principle of“What the traffic can bear”.
注释:determine:决定,确定consider:考虑,照顾stowage factor:积载因数
distance:距离,在这里引申为“航程” age-old:古老的traffic:运输量,交通量bear:负担,承受
参考译文:在确定运费率时,承运人还将考虑积载因数,航程以及一个很古老的原则,即“运输所能承受”的原则。
2. In fact, the principle
of“what
the traffic can bear”in effect means that
commodities which are highly rated subsidize those which are rated lower.
注释:in
fact:实际上 in effect:有效 commodities:商品
highly:高地,非常 rated:定价的,额定的 subsidize:补偿,资助
参考译文:实际上,“运输所能承受”原则是指高费率的商品可以补偿较低费率的商品。
3. This principle was more
commonly adopted in the past than the“cost of service”principle because of the problems involved in the computation of the actual
unit costs.
注释:commonly:普通地,一般地 adopt:采用 in the past:在过去
cost of service:服务成本 computation:计算,估计 unit:个体,(计量)单位:
参考译文:“运输所能承受”原则在过去比“服务成本”原则更为普遍的采用,这是由于实际单位成本计算时所涉及到的问题。
4. However,
containerization with standardized cargo units has made the calculation of
the service cost per unit easier than heterogeneous break bulk cargoes.
注释:however:可是,无论如何 containerization:集装箱运输
standardized:标准的
calculation:计算
per unit:每个单位 heterogeneous:不同种类的
参考译文:但是,集装箱化提供了标准的货物单位使得计算此种单位货物服务成本比不同种类的件杂货的服务成本容易得多。
5.The carriers are
therefore increasingly adopting the“service cost”principle nowadays, particularly with a view to fighting competition.
注释:therefore:因此,所以 increasingly:日益,愈加
nowadays:现今,现在 particularly:独特地,显著地
with a view to:考虑到 fighting:挑战性的,适于战斗的
参考译文:特此考虑到竞争因素,如今承运人日益采用“服务成本”原则。
考点分析:此处常出现单项选择题。
例题:When determining
the freight rate, the age-old principle of“what the
traffic can bear”is increasingly substituted by the
( ) principle nowadays.
A. open market rate B. surcharges C. service cost D. stowage factor
答案:C
1. Liner rates are also
subject to surcharges or adjustment factors that may be levied from time to
time to enable the shipping lines to meet certain price variations in their
input such as currency adjustment factor, a bunker adjustment factor, and
port congestion surcharge.
注释:are
subject to受到…影响 surcharge附加费
Levy 征收
shipping lines班轮公司 meet满足
Price variation差价 input收入
参考译文:班轮费率也受附加费和其他调整因素的影响,这些费用可以会经常被征收使航运公司满足差价的需求,如货币贬值附加费、燃油附加费和港口拥挤附加费。
专业知识介绍:为了保持在一定时期内基本费率的稳定,又能正确反映出各港的各种货物的航运成本,班轮公司在基本费率之外,又规定了各种费用。
主要附加费有:
(1)燃油附加费:在燃油价格突然上涨时加收。
(2)货币贬值附加费:在货币贬值时,船方为实际收入不致减少,按基本运价的一定百分比加收的附加费。
(3)转船附加费(TRANSHIPMENT SURCHARGE):凡运往非基本港的货物,需转船运往目的港,船方收取的附加费,其中包括转船费和二程运费。
(4)直航附加费(DIRECT ADDITIONAL):当运往非基本港的货物达到一定的货量,船公司可安排直航该港而不转船时所加收的附加费。
(5)超重附加费(HEAVY LIFT ADDITIONAL)超长附加费(LONG LENGTH ADDITIONAL)和超大附加费(SURCHARGE OF
BULKY CARGO)。当一件货物的毛重或长度或体积超过或达到运价本规定的数值时加收的附加费。
(6)港口附加费(PORT ADDITIONAL OR PORT SUECHARGE):有些港口由于设备条件差或装卸效率低,以及其他原因,船公司加收的附加费。
(7)港口拥挤附加费(PORT CONGESTION
SURCHARGE):有些港口由于拥挤,船舶停泊时间增加而加收的附加费。
(8)选港附加费(OPTIONAL SURCHARGE):货方托运时尚不能确定具体卸港,要求在预先提出的两个或两个以上港口中选择一港卸货,船方加收的附加费。
(9)变更卸货港附加费(ALTERNATIONAL
OF
DESTINATION CHARGE):货主要求改变货物原来规定的港港,在有关当局(如海关)准许,船方又同意的情况下所加收的附加费。
(10)绕航附加费(DEVIATION SURCHARGE):由于正常航道受阻不能通行,船舶必须绕道才能将货物运至目的港时,船方所加收的附加费。
考点分析:此处常考多项选择题。例题写黑板上。
2. Container freight rate
1)container freight
generally include charges for inland haulage and terminal charges at the port
of loading and discharging.
集装箱运费包括内陆运费和装卸港的装卸费。
2)CBR is lump sum
rate for the carriage of a container loaded with a particular commodity. The
rate is based on the average utilization of the box. For the carrier, the
rate simplifies calculations and reduces administrative costs. Large shippers
prefers CBR for a particular voyage, but it is not suitable for small
shippers.
注释:lump
sum rate整笔运费费率 particular特殊的 average平均
Utilization使用;利用 simplify简化了 calculation计算
参考译文:分货种包箱费率是一种整笔运费费率用于装载特定商品的集装箱运输。费率基于集装箱平均利用率。对于承运人来说,该费率计算简单且减少管理成本。大的托运人对于特殊航次的运输更愿使用分货种包箱费率,但是该费率不适合小的托运人使用。
考点分析:看懂句子,做多项选择题准备。例题见课后习题。
8.Freight All Kinds (FAK)
Rates is the alternative to the commodity box rate and is based on the
principle that what goes into the container is irrelevant to the freight
which should be charged. In other words, all commodities are charged the same
rate for the same voyage regardless of their value. The FAK rate is logical
since it is the container that is loaded and unloaded and occupies space on
board a vessel.
注释:Freight
All Kinds (FAK) Rates:均一运费费率alternative to:替换方式
be irrelevant to:与…不相干 in other words:换句话说
regardless of:不管,不顾 logical:合理的,合乎逻辑的
occupy space:占空间
参考译文:均一运费费率是除分货包箱费率的另外一种费率,基于集装箱所载物与运费无关的原则。换句话说,所有的商品相同航次按相同的费率征收运费,不考虑其价值。均一运费费率的合理性在于船舶所载集装箱无论是否装载货物所占的空间是一样的。
考点分析:看懂句子,做单选题或判断题掌握。例题写在黑板上。
Step three exercises
To finish exercises on
page 77 and 78.
【小 结】
To sum main points.
【课堂练习】
To finish exercises on
page 77 and 79.(讲练结合法)
融入中文货代(海运运费率)这部分知识,结合历年货代英语此章节常出现的考点进行例题讲解及重难点分析。
【作 业】
To finish off exercises
regarding ocean freight rates.
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